这位作家的早年经历极其坎坷,因此作品里常有强烈的流亡意识。Zhè wèi zuòjiā de zǎonián jīnglì jíqí kǎnkě, yīncǐ zuòpǐn lǐ cháng yǒu qiángliè de liúwáng yìshí.This writer's early life was extremely rough, so his works often contain a strong sense of exile.
山路坎坷不平,汽车开得很慢。Shānlù kǎnkě bù píng, qìchē kāi de hěn màn.The mountain road is bumpy and uneven, and the car drives very slowly.
她这一生走得很坎坷,却从来没有抱怨过。Tā zhè yìshēng zǒu de hěn kǎnkě, què cónglái méiyǒu bàoyuàn guo.Her life has been full of hardships, yet she has never complained.