过: have done it

过 after a verb says you have had that experience: 我去过北京 “I've been to Beijing”. The negative is 没…过: 我没吃过饺子. 了 tells about one event (“went”), 过 about experience in general.

Examples

• 我去过北京。 Wǒ qù guo Běijīng. I've been to Beijing.
• 你见过他吗？ Nǐ jiàn guo tā ma? Have you ever met him?
• 我没吃过饺子。 Wǒ méi chī guo jiǎozi. I've never eaten dumplings.

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